• Molecular basis of morphological features in breast cancers
• Diagnostic and prognostic markers in breast cancers
• Pathogenesis and diagnosis of breast lesions (fibroepithelial lesions, papillary lesions)
• Cytopathology of breast diseases

Gary Tse’s research focuses on evaluating prognostic factors, advancing molecular classification, and uncovering the molecular basis of breast cancer diversity to inform clinical decision-making. Particular emphasis is placed on rare subtypes, including fibroepithelial and papillary lesions, which remain under-characterized. In collaboration with local experts, his team is also investigating chemosensitivity and developing organoid-based drug screening platforms to enable precision medicine approaches, with the ultimate goal of translating molecular insights into improved patient care.

Gary Tse is the Chairman and Professor in the Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology. He is also the Honorary Chief of Service of the Departments of Pathology of Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital and North District Hospital. A pathologist by training, he has active interests in breast histologic, cytologic and molecular pathology. Gary is widely engaged in local and overseas professional bodies, including ICCR dataset in breast pathology, WHO breast tumor classification, and the World Tumor Registry. He is active in organizing educational activities and is the current president-elect of the International Academy of Pathology and International Society of Breast Pathology. He also serves as editors and editorial board members of various journals, including Histopathology, EBioMedicine, Cancer Cytopathology and advisors for various funding agencies and NGOs.

1. Hu J, Tsang JY, Liu J, Hu H, Guo D, Tse GM. Predictors of response to neoadjuvant therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive breast cancer and pathological evaluation of HER2 heterogeneity. Modern Pathology. 2026;39(3):100935. doi:10.1016/j.modpat.2025.100935.
2. Marabi M, Li Y, Aphivatanasiri C, Tsang JY, Li JJX, Chen LY, Tse GM. Calcification and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes predict upgrade of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed on core needle biopsy. Histopathology. 2026;89(1):122-135. doi:10.1111/his.70143.
3. Yang K, Chen L, Zheng X, Li X, Lan J, Wu Y, Tsang JYS, Tse GM. Ray-aided quadruple affiliation network for calculating tumor-stroma ratios in breast cancers. IEEE Trans Image Process. 2025;34:2811-2825. doi:10.1109/tip.2025.3561679.
4. Hodge JC, Netto GJ, Rekhi B, Cooper WA, Eden M, Field AS, Goh V, Kench JG, Khoury JD, Leite KRM, Liang Z, Maeda D, Reyes-Múgica M, Rous B, Ryška A, Sayed S, Sepulveda A, Shi C, Tse G, Schirmacher P, Lokuhetty D. WHO classification of tumours: Evolution of a global resource in the molecular era. The Lancet Oncology. 2025;26(4):410-413. doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00709-5.
5. Lee C, Yip H, Li JJX, Ng J, Tsang JY, Loong T, Tse GM. Clinical values of nuclear morphometric analysis in fibroepithelial lesions. Breast Cancer Research 2024 26:1. 2024;26(1):156-. doi:10.1186/s13058-024-01912-8.
6. Hu H, Tong K, Tsang JY, Ko CW, Tam F, Loong TC, Tse GM. Subtyping of triple-negative breast cancers: Its prognostication and implications in diagnosis of breast origin. ESMO Open. 2024;9(4):102993. doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102993.
7. Lui JW, Tsang JY, Li J, Ko CW, Tam F, Loong TCW, Tse GM. TRPS1 is a promising marker for all subtypes of breast cancer. Histopathology. 2024;84(5):822-836. doi:10.1111/his.15126.
8. Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Tse GM, Tan PH. An international unified approach to reporting and grading invasive breast cancer. An overview of the international collaboration on cancer reporting (ICCR) initiative. Histopathology. 2023;82(1):189-197. doi:10.1111/his.14802.
9. Ni Y, Tse GM. Spindle cell lesions of the breast: A diagnostic algorithm. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 2023;147(1):30-37. doi:10.5858/arpa.2022-0048-ra.
10. Tsang JY, Shao Y, Poon IK, Ni YB, Kwan JS, Chow C, Shea KH, Tse GM. Analysis of recurrent molecular alterations in phyllodes tumour of breast: Insights into prognosis and pathogenesis. Pathology. 2022;54(6):678-685. doi:10.1016/j.pathol.2022.03.008.
11. Thennavan A, Beca F, Xia Y, Garcia-Recio S, Allison K, Collins LC, Tse GM, Chen YY, Schnitt SJ, Hoadley KA, Beck A, Perou CM. Molecular analysis of TCGA breast cancer histologic types. Cell Genomics. 2021;1(3):100067. doi:10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100067.
12. Tsang JY, Tse GM. Breast cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation: An update based on the latest who classification. Modern Pathology. 2021;34(6):1062-1073. doi:10.1038/s41379-021-00736-7.
13. Poon IK, Tsang JY, Li J, Chan SK, Shea KH, Tse GM. The significance of highlighting the oestrogen receptor low category in breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer. 2020;123(8):1223-1227. doi:10.1038/s41416-020-1009-1.
14. Lai BSW, Tsang JY, Poon IK, Shao Y, Chan SK, Tam FK, Cheung SY, Shea KH, Tse GM. The clinical significance of neuroendocrine features in invasive breast carcinomas. The Oncologist. 2020;25(9):e1318. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0081.
15. Tsang JY, Ho CS, Ni YB, Shao Y, Poon IK, Chan SK, Cheung SY, Shea KH, Marabi M, Tse GM. Co-expression of HLA-I loci improved prognostication in HER2+ breast cancers. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy. 2020;69(5):799-811. doi:10.1007/s00262-020-02512-z.
16. Field AS, Raymond WA, Rickard M, Arnold L, Brachtel EF, Chaiwun B, Chen L, Di Bonito L, Kurtycz DFI, Lee AHS, Lim E, Ljung BM, Michelow P, Osamura RY, Pinamonti M, Sauer T, Segara D, Tse G, Vielh P, Chong PY, Schmitt F. The international academy of cytology yokohama system for reporting breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytopathology. Acta Cytologica. 2019;63(4):257-273. doi:10.1159/000499509.
17. Tsang JYS, Lee MA, Chan TH, Li J, Ni YB, Shao Y, Chan SK, Cheungc SY, Lau KF, Tse GMK. Proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by ADAM10 mediates proliferation and migration in breast cancer. eBioMedicine. 2018;38:89-99. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.012.
18. Liu X, Tsang JYS, Hlaing T, Hu J, Ni YB, Chan SK, Cheung SY, Tse GM, Chan SK. Distinct tertiary lymphoid structure associations and their prognostic relevance in HER2 positive and negative breast cancers. The Oncologist. 2017;22(11):1316-1324. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0029.
19. Heng YJ, Lester SC, Tse GMK, Factor RE, Allison KH, Collins LC, Chen YY, Jensen KC, Johnson NB, Jeong JC, Punjabi R, Shin SJ, Singh K, Krings G, Eberhard DA, Tan PH, Korski K, Waldman FM, Gutman DA, Sanders M, Reis-Filho JS, Flanagan SR, Gendoo DMA, Chen GM, Haibe-Kains B, Ciriello G, Hoadley KA, Perou CM, Beck AH. The molecular basis of breast cancer pathological phenotypes. Journal of Pathology. 2017;241(3):375-391. doi:10.1002/path.4847.
20. Ciriello G, Gatza ML, Beck AH, Wilkerson MD, Rhie SK, Pastore A, Zhang H, McLellan M, Yau C, Kandoth C, Bowlby R, Shen H, Hayat S, Fieldhouse R, Lester SC, Tse GMK, Factor RE, Collins LC, Allison KH, Chen YY, Jensen K, Johnson NB, Oesterreich S, Mills GB, Cherniack AD, Robertson G, Benz C, Sander C, Laird PW, Hoadley KA, King TA. Comprehensive molecular portraits of invasive lobular breast cancer. Cell. 2015;163(2):506-519. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.033.